Every 14 Programs Downloaded by Windows Users Turns out to be Malicious

The next time a website says to download new software to view a movie or fix a problem, think twice. There's a pretty good chance that the program is malicious.
In fact, about one out of every 14 programs downloaded by Windows users turns out to be malicious, Microsoft said Tuesday. And even though Microsoft has a feature in its Internet Explorer browser designed to steer users away from unknown and potentially untrustworthy software, about 5 percent of users ignore the warnings and download malicious Trojan horse programs anyway.
Five years ago, it was pretty easy for criminals to sneak their code onto computers. There were plenty of browser bugs, and many users weren't very good at patching. But since then, the cat-and-mouse game of Internet security has evolved: Browsers have become more secure, and software makers can quickly and automatically push out patches when there's a known problem.
So increasingly, instead of hacking the browsers themselves, the bad guys try to hack the people using them. It's called social engineering, and it's a big problem these days. "The attackers have figured out that it's not that hard to get users to download Trojans," said Alex Stamos, a founding partner with Isec Partners, a security consultancy that's often called in to clean up the mess after companies have been hacked.
Social engineering is how the Koobface virus spreads on Facebook. Users get a message from a friend telling them to go and view a video. When they click on the link, they're then told that they need to download some sort of video playing software in order to watch. That software is actually a malicious program.
Social-engineering hackers also try to infect victims by hacking into Web pages and popping up fake antivirus warnings designed to look like messages from the operating system. Download these and you're infected. The criminals also use spam to send Trojans, and they will trick search engines into linking to malicious websites that look like they have interesting stories or video about hot news such as the royal wedding or the death of Osama bin Laden.
"The attackers are very opportunistic, and they latch onto any event that might be used to lure people," said Joshua Talbot, a manager with Symantec Security Response. When Symantec tracked the 50 most common malicious programs last year, it found that 56 percent of all attacks included Trojan horse programs.
In enterprises, a social-engineering technique called spearphishing is a serious problem. In spearphishing, the criminals take the time to figure out who they're attacking, and then they create a specially crafted program or a maliciously encoded document that the victim is likely to want to open -- materials from a conference they've attended or a planning document from an organization that they do business with.

With its new SmartScreen Filter Application Reputation screening, introduced in IE 9, Internet Explorer provides a first line of defense against Trojan horse programs, including Trojans sent in spearphishing attacks.
IE also warns users when they're being tricked into visiting malicious websites, another way that social-engineering hackers can infect computer users. In the past two years, IE's SmartScreen has blocked more than 1.5 billion Web and download attacks, according to Jeb Haber, program manager lead for SmartScreen.
Haber agreed that better browser protection is pushing the criminals into social engineering, especially over the past two years. "You're just seeing an explosion in direct attacks on users with social engineering," he said. "We were really surprised by the volumes. The volumes have been crazy."
When the SmartScreen warning pops up to tell users that they're about to run a potentially harmful program, the odds are between 25 percent and 70 percent that the program will actually be malicious, Haber said. A typical user will only see a couple of these warnings each year, so it's best to take them very seriously.

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NSS Said : IE9 Blocks Virtually all Socially Engineered Malware, Rather Than Other Browsers

A study prepared by NSS Labs concludes that Microsoft's Internet Explorer 9 blocks virtually all socially engineered malware, far more than rival browsers.
The study was designed to examine one aspect of security: how a browser handled a malicious URL, such as one received in a posting on a social network or an email. The NSS goal was to find the browser which identified, warned, and/or blocked malicious URLs from being viewed by the user.
As it did in 2010, Microsoft's IE9 with Smart Screen URL detection and Application Reputation topped the field, blocking 99.2 percent of all malicious emails. Google's Chrome 12 finished far behind, blocking 13.2 percent of all malicious URLs. Apple's Safari 5 and Mozilla Firefox 4 tied at 7.4 percent, with Opera 11 finishing dead last at 6.1 percent.

 

The NSS Labs study showed that, globally, all of the browsers tested showed improvement over an NSS study performed last year, with two exceptions: Safari and Mozilla's Firefox. A year ago, Microsoft IE9 blocked 99 percent of the malicious URLs, followed by Chrome 6 (3%), Safari 5 (11%), Firefox 3.6.15 (19%), and Opera 10 (0%).
NSS attributed Microsoft's success to its Application Reputation technology, which has attempted to categorize applications across the Internet.
"The significance of Microsoft's new application reputation technology cannot be overstated," the NSS report found. "Application reputation is the first attempt by any vendor to create a definitive list of every application on the Internet. This new capability helps users discern malware, and potentially unsafe software from actual good software. The list is dynamically created and maintained, much the same way Google, (or Bing) is continuously building and maintaining a library of content for search purposes."
The NSS tests sliced the potential for malware along one specific axis, socially engineered malware, a distinction Google objected to during the 2010 tests. ""Google Chrome was built with security in mind from the beginning and emphasizes protection of users from drive-by downloads and plug-in vulnerabilities," a spokeswoman said then.
NSS also found that the combination of SmartScreen and Application Reputation means that IE9 blocked new malware in just over half and hour, while Safari 5 and Firefox 4 required 4.91 and 6.07 hours, on average, to detect a new malicious URL. Chrome 12 and Opera 11, by contrast, required 17.7 and 18.4 hours, respectively. Over time, as the malicious URLs changed in response to detection, the browsers maintained their level of protection fairly consistently, NSS found.
"Not only has the effectiveness of the technology improved, but so has the speed at which it is able to identify socially engineered malware," Roger Capriotta, director of Internet Explorer product marketing, wrote in a blog post Monday. "For our Windows customers, this means fewer infections and headaches for you."
In its report, NSS said its findings were independent, and that it had not received funding from any vendor. 

-News Source (PC Mag)

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PDF Malware Using New Tricks to Exploit Vulnerability

Security researchers have identified a new trick in PDF files being sent as email attachments that obfuscate attack code by encoding it inside an image file.

Malicious PDF files are using a new trick to avoid detection by almost all major antivirus scanners on the market, according to security researchers. Researchers from Avast and Sophos independently noticed PDF files making the rounds in March that weren’t being flagged as malicious but had the ability to compromise a machine just by being opened. The originating address was often suspicious, and the attachments accompanied emails purporting to be an order receipt. The attachments themselves often had names containing the supposed order number.
When the attachments were opened under Adobe 8.1.1 or Adobe 9.3, the compromised computer would connect to a remote site and download malware, usually SpyEye, ZBot  or FakeAV, Paul Baccas, a senior threat researcher at Sophos Labs, wrote on the company’s Naked Security blog on April 15.
“The PDFs did not seem to be using any exploit that I could see and yet they were downloading malware,” wrote Baccas.
It turned out these files were using a new trick to re-exploit the CVE-2010-0188 vulnerability Adobe had patched over a year ago on Feb. 16, 2010, according to Baccas.
The exploit is specific to Reader and would not execute in Google Chrome’s PDF Plugin, Jiri Sejtko, a senior virus analyst and researcher at Avast Software, wrote on the company blog April 22. While that’s a good sign, Chrome generally asks users if it should open the file in Reader if it can’t display the file correctly. In this day and age, many users would likely say yes, making them vulnerable, according to Sejtko.
The PDF specifications allow several filters to be used on raw data, either singly or in conjunction with each other, Sejtko said. Anyone can create valid PDF files where the data uses five different filters, or even multiple layers of the same filter. This allows malware authors to embed malicious code deep inside the filters, out of reach of even the most aggressive scanner.
“Our parser was unable to get any suitable content that we could define as malicious,” Sejtko said.
Files exploiting this vulnerability normally use an XML file that contains the raw data for a TIFF image file containing highly obfuscated code, Baccas said. In this case, the attackers were using parameters to control how the filters operate and crafting the attack code embedded in the raw data to conform to these parameters.
The filter being used to encrypt the malicious code was also meant to be used only for black and white images. The exploit detected by Avast researchers combined two filters, one for text and one for images, to hide the payload.
“Who would have thought that a pure image algorithm might be used as a standard filter on any object stream?” Sejtko said. While the “bad guys” are building a specially crafted TIFF image file in the PDF files, the trick can be used to hide special JavaScript and font files, as well.
Compared to other attacks, this attack is seen in “only a very small number” of attacks, Sejtko said, but has also been used in targeted attacks. While the CVE-2010-0188 flaw has been closed in current versions of Adobe Reader, users on older and unpatched versions of the software remain vulnerable to these malicious PDF files.

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Apache Web Server Under Stealth Attack

 

Online attackers seem to love to exploit Web servers, because they can add scripts that quickly and automatically add malicious links to static HTML pages via an iFrame tag, or code that attempts to exploit website visitors' PCs via drive-by downloads. But an attack discovered on Friday, dubbed Apmod, pushes this attack technique one step further by not just infecting static Web pages. "The attack was unusual in that the Web server itself was the infection target," said Cathal Mullaney, a security response engineer at Symantec, in a blog post. "When a Web server is infected like this, every user that requests any Web page from that Web server is a potential victim. This is opposed to cases where static Web pages are infected with malicious code--only those specific pages put a user at risk of infection."

This new attack, which has been seen in the wild but doesn't currently appear to be widespread, targets the popular Apache Web Server, which runs on Windows and Linux. According to Netcraft, Apache Web Server is now used to host about 204 million websites.

The attack is innovative in that it uses Apache's built-in filter capabilities. A filter, as defined by Apache, "is a process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the server," and can be used to add functionality without rewriting the code base. Many websites use this capability to add advertisements to Web pages on the fly, while also tracking that advertising delivery to generate revenue via ad agencies.

"We have discovered a malicious module that performs identical steps in order to include links to malicious websites," said Mullaney. "All of the actions performed by the rogue module are done using legitimate code provided by the Apache API, specifically for this type of on-the-fly content generation. This is not an exploit or a hack of Apache's code base; the module uses Apache's inherent functionality to infect users and attempts to redirect them to a malicious Web page."

Interestingly, the module doesn't attempt to infect every Web page it serves. In fact, it includes a number of anti-detection capabilities, including watching for signs of administrator access or processes and avoids serving malware to search engines. Furthermore, when it does serve a Web page infected with links to malicious websites, the module then temporarily blacklists the user's IP address to avoid delivering multiple, infected Web pages, which might make its activities easier to detect. It then queries a command and control server to provide a new iFrame tag, further hampering detection.

As a result, "this is a complex and potentially difficult threat to detect accurately," said Mullaney. "As the rogue module contains a number of evasion techniques, it is possible that a system administrator would not notice the infection for some time. A further difficulty in detecting the threat is the on-the-fly nature of the infection. Since no Web pages are infected on the disk, no detections on stored HTML pages are possible."

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Malicious Android Application Stealing User Data & Personal Information

Malicious Android Application Stealing User Data & Personal Information 

Yet again security vulnerability found in Android application. An information security company has warned about malicious Android smartphone applications that steal and transmit personal data, such as contact information stored in users' address books. The company said these types of free applications have been downloaded up to 270,000 times, indicating that potentially millions of people have had their personal information stolen. An Internet security expert said, "It's possible that creating applications that transmits users' information without consent can be considered a crime under the Penal Code, which criminalises the creation of computer viruses." The malicious application only has three buttons: Steal SD Card Contents, Steal App Data, and Upload Identifying Data.Every application has at least read-only access to the contents of this external storage. No Permissions scans the /sdcard directory and returns a list of all non-hidden files. All the files discovered can be fetched. The worrying part is that the SD card usually stores some of our most private files, including photos, backups, external configuration files, and, in some cases, even Open VPN certificates.

According to NetAgent, a Tokyo-based information security company, the applications were disguised as video tutorials for popular games on Google Inc.'s Android operating system. The applications were named by affixing the expression "the Movie" to existing game titles. The company found at least 16 of these applications.
The company's analysis revealed that when these applications are activated, they can automatically transmit not only a person's telephone number, their e-mail address and the phone's ID number, but also the personal names, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses of contacts stored on the smartphone's address book. Although the creators of these applications aren't well known, the stolen information was sent to the same domestic server. When users download the malicious applications, a message pops up on the display screen requesting permission for access to contact information. What ever the malicious application was immediately deleted from Android market. For additional information click here.

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McAfee Reveals Emma Watson as 2012’s Most Dangerous Cyber Celebrity & For India its Sunny Leone

McAfee Reveals Emma Watson as 2012’s Most Dangerous Cyber Celebrity & For India its Sunny Leone

In a research security software company McAfee figure out Sunny Leone as the most dangerous celebrity in the Indian cyber space for this year, followed by Katrina Kaif and Kareena Kapoor. For the sixth year in a row, McAfee researched popular culture’s most famous people to reveal riskiest celebrity sportsmen, actors and politicians across the Web to reveal the 2012 rendition of ‘Most Dangerous Celebrity’ research. In the India ranking this year, Sunny Leone displaced Katrina Kaif, who owned this title in the 2011 edition of this annual research. Lubna Markar, Sr. Marketing Manager India and South Asia, McAfee, said, “Cyber criminals continue to leverage top celebrities to lure people to websites with malicious software. This year too, we saw cyber crooks leveraging Bollywood stars whereby the maximum number of malicious software laden sites pertained to Sunny Leone. This testifies her top position as the most dangerous celebrity in Indian cyberspace in 2012.” 

The study for ‘Most Dangerous Celebrity’ used the McAfee SiteAdvisor site rating which indicates the sites that are risky to search for celebrity names on the Web and calculate an overall risk percentage. The top 10 celebrities in India from this year’s study with the highest risk percentages are: 

1. Sunny Leone: This sexy Canadian model/actress who made headlines with her presence in the celebrity reality show BigBoss, ranks first with 9.95% chances of luring people into clicking on malicious links.
2. Katrina Kaif: India’s ‘chikni chameli’ was the most dangerous Indian celebrity of 2011, but has slipped down to the 2nd position this year with a risk percentile of 8.25%.
3. Kareena Kapoor: The 3rd Most Dangerous Celebrity and winner of six film fare awards has a 6.67% possibility of making users fall into a trap of malware laden Web sites.
4. Priyanka Chopra: This former Miss World who has been the reigning queen of Bollywood occupies the 4th position on the Most Dangerous Celebrities list with a risk percentile of 6.5%.
5. Bipasha Basu: With Raaz 3, this Bengali bombshell has moved up the ranking from 8th in 2011 to the 5th position in 2012. She has a 5.58% percentile of leading users to a malicious site.
6. Vidya Balan: After her ‘Dirty Picture’, Vidya Balan has a 5.33 % chance of leading users to malicious sites. The versatile Indian actress has marked her presence even in the cyber space.
7. Deepika Padukone: This sultry actress of ‘Cocktail’ fame, was the 2nd most dangerous celebrity in the year 2011, but has plummeted to 7th position this year, with a 4.92% chance of being led to a malicious Web site.
8. Salman Khan: One of the most sought after stars in Bollywood, Salman Khan has redefined the trends of the Hindi film industry with his roles in movies such as Dabangg and Ek Tha Tiger. With a risk percentile of 4.83%, he is on the eighth position in our Most Dangerous Celebrities ranking.
9. Aishwarya Rai Bachchan: Touted as ‘the most beautiful woman in the world’, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, is the ninth most dangerous celebrity in India with a risk percentile of 4.58%.
10. Poonam Pandey: The Kingfisher calendar girl who was also amongst the top 8 contestants in ‘Gladrags 2010′, has a risk percentile of 4.25% and is the tenth most dangerous celebrity.

If you go thorugh the report of McAfee's 2012’s Most Dangerous Cyber Celebrity then you will come to know that Emma Watson has replaced Heidi Klum as McAfee's 2012 most dangerous celebrity to search for online. For the sixth times in a row, McAfee researched popular culture’s most famous people to reveal the riskiest Hollywood actors, athletes, musicians, politicians, designers, and comedians on the Web.  The McAfee Most Dangerous Celebrities™ study found that women are more dangerous than men with Jessica Biel taking the number two spot and Eva Mendes coming in third. Latina women have proven that they are on fire and make up five of the top ten spots. After Mendes, Selena Gomez, Shakira and Salma Hayek take the fourth, seventh and ninth spot and Sofia Vergara rounds out the top 10 list. Funnyman Jimmy Kimmel is the only male to make the top 20 list this year. 

The top 10 celebrities from this year’s study with the highest percentages of risk are:-

1. Emma Watson – Best known for her role as Hermione Granger in the “Harry Potter” franchise, the British actress tops the list as the 2012 Most Dangerous Celebrity. Watson continues to star in feature films including “My Week with Marilyn” and “The Perks of Being a Wallflower” and is an ambassador for Lancôme.
2. Jessica Biel – The 2009 Most Dangerous Celebrity rose two spots this year from coming in at number 4 in 2011. Biel continues to be in the spotlight with fiancée Justin Timberlake and her role in 2012’s “Total Recall.”
3. Eva Mendes – A new addition to the list,Mendes has starred in films including “2 Fast 2 Furious” and “Hitch.” She is currently in the news for her fling with Ryan Gosling.
4. Selena Gomez – The tween musician and actress is best known for her role as Alex Russo on Disney’s “Wizards of Waverly Place” and for dating teen heartthrob Justin Bieber. She has been cast in the upcoming film “Parental Guidance Suggested” and was recently named one of Forbes’ Top 10 Best Social Media Superstars.
5. Halle Berry – The Academy Award winning actress is famous for her stand out roles in action and horror films including “Catwoman” and “Gothika”. Berry is in the spotlight for her custody battle with baby daddy Gabriel Aubry.
6. Megan Fox – The sexy actress rose 9 spots compared to her number 15 spot last year. She is currently in the news for her pregnancy with husband Brian Austin Green and will be seen in the upcoming film “This is 40”.
7. Shakira – The belly-dancing singer/songwriter best known for her songs “Hips Don’t Lie” and “Whenever, Wherever” comes in at number 7. She was recently named one of Forbes’ World’s Most Powerful Women and was ranked number 6 on Forbes’ Top 10 Best Social Media Superstars.
8. Cameron Diaz – 2010’s Most Dangerous Celebrity fell to eighth place, with searches resulting in slightly fewer risky sites this year. She was most recently in the spotlight for allegedly dating Alex Rodriguez. She is rumored to star in “Expendables 3.”
9. Salma Hayek – The actress, producer and director received an Academy Award for her role as Frida Kahlo in “Frida” and recently starred in “Savages.” She is currently in the news for her controversial remarks about her Mexican heritage in a Vogue interview. She is married to billionaire François-Henri Pinault.
10. Sofia Vergara – The Columbian actress and model best known for her comedic role as Gloria Delgado-Pritchett on ABC’s Emmy Award winning “Modern Family” rounds out the top 10 list. She also starred in the “The Three Stooges” film this year and was recently named one of Forbes’ World’s Most Powerful Women and highest paid TV actress. She recently announced her engagement to businessman Nick Loeb.

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Facebook Rolls Out Login Approvals and Security Protections Against Clickjacking and Self-XSS

Facebook has released several new security features designed to thwart unauthorized logins, cross-site scripting, and clickjacking that trick users into sharing spam to the news feed. Login approvals require suspicious logins to be confirmed with a code texted to a user’s phone, while self-XSS and clickjacking protection  warns users and requires them to confirm their actions when pasting links into their browser or clicking suspicious Like buttons.
These protections should reduce the prevalence of hijacked accounts and highly visible spam in the news feed that perpetuate the public perception of Facebook as less safe than the rest of the internet.



Facebook’s latest internal security efforts were announced alongside a new partnership with Web of Trust, a a crowd-sourced website reputation rating service that will be used to power alerts to Facebook users when they click malicious outbound links. Facebook has previously concentrated on improving security through user education and login protection features such as remote session logout and one-time passwords.

Login Approvals

Now Facebook is rolling out the two-factor authentication it announced last month. Users can visit Account -> Account Settings -> Settings -> Account Security to enable the feature, which will require them to verify their phone number. Once enabled, any time someone attempts to login to the account through a new or unrecognized device, they’ll have to enter a code sent to their phone via SMS. Users will also be notified the next time the successfully login of any suspicious attempts thwarted by the login approvals feature.



Users could be temporarily locked out of their account if they have Login Approvals in the unlikely event that both their phone and their approved Facebook login device were lost or stolen. Still, the feature offers a strong additional layer of security for those who opt in to it. It can also serve to protect users who may share their password with a loved one for use on their regular login device, but who don’t want those people to access their account from elsewhere.

Clickjacking Protection

Clickjacking refers to when a malicious website conceals an active link beneath an image or other disguise to fool a user into clicking a link they didn’t intend to. In the case of Facebook, malicious sites sometimes conceal Like buttons beneath video players or appealing offers, leading users to inadvertently share the spam site to the news feed, drawing in more users to the scam.
Facebook already has automated systems designed to identify and disable uses of the Like button for clickjack, as well as block or remove outbound links to clickjacking sites. Now Facebook as added additional protection against the tactic by requiring users to confirm they wanted to click a Like button that is suspected to be part of a clickjacking scheme. The Like won’t go through and stories won’t be published to the news feed unless the user confirms.
This feature could cut down on one of the most prominent Facebook security threats as of late, which has spread through links that promise videos of racy or gruesome content.

Self-XSS Protection

Self-cross site scripting is a security threat in which a spam news feed story, wall posts, or Message asks users to copy malicious code into their browser, thereby causing a hacker’s message to be posted to additional friends. These threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated over the years (if you want to get deeper into the topic, be sure to check out security researcher Joey Tyson’s Social Hacking blog).
The new security features detects when users attempt to paste malicious code into their browser, displays an alert explaining why the practice of copying code into a browser is dangerous, and prevents the code from being run.


By mixing education in with technical security features, Facebook can protect users now and teach them to protect themselves in the future.

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Linux/Cdorked.A: One of The Most Sophisticated Apache Backdoor Targets Millions of Websites

Linux/Cdorked.A: One of The Most Sophisticated Apache Backdoor Targets Millions of Websites to Serve Blackhole Exploit

ESET one of the world renowned security firm headquartered in Bratislava have figured out what it called a malicious cyber rampage targeting millions of cPanel-based servers. Since last few months security experts have been tracking server level compromises that have been utilizing malicious Apache modules to inject malware into websites and  redirecting some of its requests to the infamous Blackhole Exploit packs. On cPanel-based servers, instead of adding modules or modifying the Apache configuration, the attackers started to replace the Apache binary (httpd) with a malicious one. This new backdoor is very sophisticated and this new malware has been dubbed "Linux/Cdorked.A." Several analysis reveals that it is a sophisticated and stealthy backdoor meant to drive traffic to malicious websites. According to the official blog post of ESET - Linux/Cdorked.A is one of the most sophisticated Apache backdoor's we have seen so far. The backdoor leaves no traces of compromised hosts on the hard drive other than its modified httpd binary, thereby complicating forensics analysis. All of the information related to the backdoor is stored in shared memory. The configuration is pushed by the attacker through obfuscated HTTP requests that aren't logged in normal Apache logs. This means that no command and control information is stored anywhere on the system.

This malicious cyber rampage was first detected by another security firm named 'Sucuri' and later ESET published a detailed analysis of the issue. But still there are thoughtful matter as already thousands of websites get infected. The attack is particularly dangerous as Apache web servers are among the most well-known and widely-used in the world and are used by numerous companies. This means that a successful security breach can affect numerous different businesses across a diverse range of industries.

As this malware also known as Linux/Cdorked.A has already been spotted in the wild, so on behalf of cyber media, we urge all the concern system administrator, security analyst to take care of the above issue while to checking their servers and verify that they are not affected by this threat. Detailed instructions to perform this check are provided in the ESET blog.

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Samsung Galaxy S III, S II & Note II Vulnerable to Inject Malicious Code Directly into Kernel

Samsung Galaxy S III, S II & Note II Vulnerable to Inject Malicious Code Directly into Kernel

Serious security hole has been discovered in Samsung smartphones. According to a member of XDA-Developer forum named 'alephzain' the vulnerability exists in the Samsung Galaxy S III, Galaxy S II and Galaxy Note II along with several other Samsung devices. As per sources the vulnerability is marked as "severe". This vulnerability could provide a malicious way for remotely downloaded apps to read user data, brick phones and perform other malicious activities. In other words, this hole could allow a malicious app free reign over your smartphone’s memory, and basically take complete control of your device. Prepare tin foil hats. Another XDA-Developer user, supercurio says Samsung has been notified of the security hole, but had not yet acknowledged the issue. That is until this morning when Samsung dropped word to Android Central that they are “currently in the process of conducting an internal review” in reference to the security hole. Supercurio says the potential exists for millions of devices to be in harms way, especially those with Exynos 4210 and 4412 processors that use Samsung code. Another XDA user, Entropy512 adds “this exploit changes things — there is a no root exploit that can be used by an app straight from the market, in the background, with little to no user intervention.” 

While talking about security holes in Samsung phones, then we would like to remind you that few moths ago, researcher have unveiled several android based handsets including Samsung Galaxy S3, S2 were vulnerable to 'remote wipe' hack.   

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Hackers Breached Adobe Server in Order to Compromise Certificate to Sign malware

Hackers Breached Adobe Server in Order to Compromise Certificate to Sign malware

Few advanced hackers have managed to break into an internal server at Adobe to compromise a digital certificate that allowed them to create at least two files that appear to be legitimately signed by the software maker, but actually contain malware. This security breach took place on Thursday and the software giant Adobe confirmed that the attackers signed at least two malicious utility programs with the valid Adobe certificate. The company traced the problem to a compromised build server that had the ability to get code approved from the company’s code-signing system. As a result of the breach, which appears to date back to early July, Adobe on Oct. 4 expects to revoke the compromised certificate that was used to sign the malicious files. According to Brad Arkin, senior director of product security and privacy for Adobe “This only affects the Adobe software signed with the impacted certificate that runs on the Windows platform and three Adobe AIR applications that run on both Windows and Macintosh,” 

Arkin wrote. “The revocation does not impact any other Adobe software for Macintosh or other platforms.” The company uncovered the breach after coming across two malicious "utilities" that appeared to be digitally signed with a valid Adobe cert. It is unclear how or whether those files were used in the wild to target anyone. "Sophisticated threat actors use malicious utilities like the signed samples during highly targeted attacks for privilege escalation and lateral movement within an environment following an initial machine compromise," Arkin wrote

In another blog posted by Arkin, he said that, generally speaking, most Adobe users won't be affected. "Is your Adobe software vulnerable because of this issue?" he wrote. "No". This issue has no impact on the security of your genuine Adobe software. Are there other security risks to you? We have strong reason to believe that this issue does not present a general security risk. The evidence we have seen has been limited to a single isolated discovery of two malicious utilities signed using the certificate and indicates that the certificate was not used to sign widespread malware."

The "build" server that was compromised was not configured according to Adobe's corporate standards, but that shortfall wasn't caught during the provisioning process, Arkin said. He added that the affected server did not provide the adversaries with access to any source code for other products, such as the popular Flash Player and Adobe Reader and Acrobat software. 

Here we would like to give you reminder that in the last few months we have been a slew of attacks against the following sites: Guild Wars 2, Gamigo, Blizzard, Yahoo, LinkedIn, eHarmony, Formspring, Android Forums, Gamigo,  Nvidia,Blizzard and  Philips. And after this breach Adobe also enlisted its name among those who was fallen victim to cyber criminals in this year. For all the latest on cyber security and hacking related stories; stay tuned with VOGH. 

UPDATE: Recently we got an update, where Adobe denies the breach. In their later press release an Adobe spokeswoman said the certificate was not actually stolen: "Adobe has stringent security measures in place to protect its code signing infrastructure. The private keys associated with the Adobe code signing certificates were stored in Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) kept in physically secure facilities. We confirmed that the private key associated with the Adobe code signing certificate was not extracted from the HSM."

-Source (Adobe, SC Magazine, WIRED)

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Hackers Sending Rogue 'Microsoft Services Agreement' Emails Exploiting Java Vulnerability

Hackers Sending Rogue 'Microsoft Services Agreement' Emails Exploiting Java Vulnerability

Cyber criminals are distributing mass on the internet while sending rogue email notifications about changes in Microsoft's Services Agreement to trick people into visiting malicious pages that use a recently circulated Java exploit to infect their computers with malware. Oracle left a security flaw in one of the world’s most widely used programs unpatched for four months and then issues a half-baked fix, the company is practically inviting cyber criminals to exploit its users en mass. And as expected the invitation has been accepted.

The rogue email messages are copies of legitimate notifications that Microsoft sent out to users to announce changes to the company's Services Agreement that will take effect Oct. 19. "This email is a legitimate announcement regarding updates to the Microsoft Services Agreement and Communication Preferences," a Microsoft program manager for supporting mail technologies who identifies herself as Karla L, said on the Microsoft Answers website in response to a user inquiring about the authenticity of the email message.

However, she later acknowledged the existence of reports about malicious emails that use the same template. "If you received an email regarding the Microsoft Services Agreement update and you're reading your email through Hotmail or Outlook.com, the legitimate email should have a Green shield that indicates the message is from a Trusted Sender," she said. "If the email does not have a Green shield, you can mark the email as a Phishing scam." 

However, in the malicious versions of the emails, the correct links have been replaced with links to compromised websites that host attack pages from the Blackhole exploit toolkit. Blackhole is a tool used by cybercriminals to launch Web-based attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in browser plug-ins like Java, Adobe Reader or Flash Player, in order to install malware on the computers of users who visit compromised or malicious websites.

This type of attack is known as a drive-by download and is very effective because it requires no user interaction to achieve its goal. The malicious Java applet used in this attack is detected by only eight of the 42 anitivirus engines available on the VirusTotal file scanning service. The Zeus variant has a similarly low detection rate.

"We're receiving multiple reports of a phishing campaign using the template from a legitimate Microsoft email regarding Important Changes to Microsoft Services Agreement and Communication Preferences," Russ McRee, security incident handler at the SANS Internet Storm Center, said Saturday in a blog post.

-Source (Info World)

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The First Cyberspace Strategy By U.S. Defense

Cyberspace is a defining feature of modern life. Individuals and communities worldwide connect, socialize, and organize themselves in and through cyberspace. From 2000 to 2010, global Internet usage increased from 360 million to over 2 billion people. As Internet usage continues to expand, cyberspace will become increasingly woven into the fabric of everyday life across the globe. 
U.S. and international businesses trade goods and services in cyberspace, moving assets across the globe in seconds. In addition to facilitating trade in other sectors, cyberspace is itself a key sector of the global economy. Cyberspace has become an incubator for new forms of entrepreneurship, advances in technology, the spread of free speech, and new social networks that drive our economy and reflect our principles. The security and effective operation of U.S. critical infrastructure – including energy, banking and finance, transportation, communication, and the Defense Industrial Base – rely on cyberspace, industrial control systems, and information technology that may be vulnerable to disruption or exploitation. 
Along with the rest of the U.S. government, the Department of Defense (DoD) depends on cyberspace to function. It is difficult to overstate this reliance; DoD operates over 15,000 networks and seven million computing devices across hundreds of installations in dozens of countries around the globe. DoD uses cyberspace to enable its military, intelligence, and business operations, including the movement of personnel and material and the command and control of the full spectrum of military operations. 
The Department and the nation have vulnerabilities in cyberspace. Our reliance on cyberspace stands in stark contrast to the inadequacy of our cybersecurity – the security of the technologies that we use each day. Moreover, the continuing growth of networked systems, devices, and platforms means that cyberspace is embedded into an increasing number of capabilities upon which DoD relies to complete its mission. Today, many foreign nations are working to exploit DoD unclassified and classified networks, and some foreign intelligence organizations have already acquired the capacity to disrupt elements of DoD’s information infrastructure. 
Moreover, non-state actors increasingly threaten to penetrate and disrupt DoD networks and systems. We recognize that there may be malicious activities on DoD networks and systems that we have not yet detected. 

DoD, working with its interagency and international partners, seeks to mitigate the risks posed to U.S. and allied cyberspace capabilities, while protecting and respecting the principles of privacy and civil liberties, free expression, and innovation that have made cyberspace an integral part of U.S. prosperity and security. How the Department leverages the opportunities of cyberspace, while managing inherent uncertainties and reducing vulnerabilities, will significantly impact U.S. defensive readiness and national security for years to come. 

DOD’S STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN CYBERSPACE:-

As does the nation as a whole, DoD relies on a secure and reliable cyberspace that protects fundamental freedoms, privacy, and the free flow of information. In support of both U.S. core commitments and national security, DoD has significant strengths and opportunities in cyberspace. The U.S. military’s ability to use cyberspace for rapid communication and information sharing in support of operations is a critical enabler of DoD missions. More broadly, DoD’s depth of knowledge in the global information and communications technology sector, including its cybersecurity expertise, provides the Department with strategic advantages in cyberspace. 
The quality of the United States’ human capital and knowledge base in both the public and private sectors provides DoD with a strong foundation on which to build current and future cyber capabilities. DoD has played a crucial role in building and leveraging the technological prowess of the U.S. private sector through investments in people, research, and technology. DoD will continue to embrace this spirit of entrepreneurship and work in partnership with these communities and institutions to succeed in its future cyberspace activities. 
Given the dynamism of cyberspace, nations must work together to defend their common interests and promote security. DoD’s relationship with U.S. allies and international partners provides a strong foundation upon which to further U.S. international cyberspace cooperation. Continued international engagement, collective self-defense, and the establishment of international cyberspace norms will also serve to strengthen cyberspace for the benefit of all. 

CYBER THREATS:-

The Internet was designed to be collaborative, rapidly expandable, and easily adaptable to technological innovation. Information flow took precedence over content integrity; identity authentication was less important than connectivity. The Internet’s original designers could not have imagined the extent of its vital and growing role for DoD and its operations. The global scope of DoD networks and systems presents adversaries with broad opportunities for exploitation and attack. 
Low barriers to entry for malicious cyber activity, including the widespread availability of hacking tools, mean that an individual or small group of determined cyber actors can potentially cause significant damage to both DoD and U.S. national and economic security. Small-scale technologies can have an impact disproportionate to their size; potential adversaries do not have to build expensive weapons systems to pose a significant threat to U.S. national security.
In developing its strategy for operating in cyberspace, DoD is focused on a number of central aspects of the cyber threat; these include external threat actors, insider threats, supply chain vulnerabilities, and threats to DoD‘s operational ability. DoD must address vulnerabilities and the concerted efforts of both state and non-state actors to gain unauthorized access to its networks and systems. 
Foreign cyberspace operations against U.S. public and private sector systems are increasing in number and sophistication. DoD networks are probed millions of times every day, and successful penetrations have led to the loss of thousands of files from U.S. networks and those of U.S. allies and industry partners. Moreover, this threat continues to evolve as evidence grows of adversaries focusing on the development of increasingly sophisticated and potentially dangerous capabilities. 
The potential for small groups to have an asymmetric impact in cyberspace creates very real incentives for malicious activity. Beyond formal governmental activities, cyber criminals can control botnets with millions of infected hosts. The tools and techniques developed by cyber criminals are increasing in sophistication at an incredible rate, and many of these capabilities can be purchased cheaply on the Internet. Whether the goal is monetary, access to intellectual property, or the disruption of critical DoD systems, the rapidly evolving threat landscape presents a complex and vital challenge for national and economic security. 

Some cyber threats also may come from insiders. Malicious insiders may exploit their access at the behest of foreign governments, terrorist groups, criminal elements, unscrupulous associates, or on their own initiative. Whether malicious insiders are committing espionage, making a political statement, or expressing personal disgruntlement, the consequences for DoD, and national security, can be devastating. 
Software and hardware are at risk of malicious tampering even before they are integrated into an operational system. The majority of information technology products used in the United States are manufactured and assembled overseas. The reliance of DoD on foreign manufacturing and development creates challenges in managing risk at points of design, manufacture, service, distribution, and disposal. 
Potential U.S. adversaries may seek to exploit, disrupt, deny, and degrade the networks and systems that DoD depends on for its operations. DoD is particularly concerned with three areas of potential adversarial activity: theft or exploitation of data; disruption or denial of access or service that affects the availability of networks, information, or network-enabled resources; and destructive action including corruption, manipulation, or direct activity that threatens to destroy or degrade networks or connected systems. 

Cyber threats to U.S. national security go well beyond military targets and affect all aspects of society. Hackers and foreign governments are increasingly able to launch sophisticated intrusions into the networks and systems that control critical civilian infrastructure. Given the integrated nature of cyberspace, computer-induced failures of power grids, transportation networks, or financial systems could cause massive physical damage and economic disruption. DoD operations—both at home and abroad—are dependent on this critical infrastructure. 
While the threat to intellectual property is often less visible than the threat to critical infrastructure, it may be the most pervasive cyber threat today. Every year, an amount of intellectual property larger than that contained in the Library of Congress is stolen from networks maintained by U.S. businesses, universities, and government departments and agencies. As military strength ultimately depends on economic vitality, sustained intellectual property losses erode both U.S. military effectiveness and national competitiveness in the global economy. 

CONCLUSION:-

National security is being redefined by cyberspace. In addition to opportunities, DoD faces significant cyberspace challenges. The Department’s military, intelligence, and business operations all depend upon cyberspace for mission success. The “Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace” assesses these challenges and opportunities and sets a strategic approach for DoD’s cyber mission. 
The Department’s five strategic initiatives offer a roadmap for DoD to operate effectively in cyberspace, defend national interests, and achieve national security objectives. Each initiative is distinct, yet necessarily connected with the other four. Across the strategy, activities undertaken in one initiative will contribute to DoD’s strategic thinking and lead to new approaches in the others.
By pursuing the activities in this strategy, DoD will capitalize on the opportunities afforded to the Department by cyberspace; defend DoD networks and systems against intrusions and malicious activity; support efforts to strengthen cybersecurity for interagency, international, and critical industry partners; and develop robust cyberspace capabilities and partnerships. This strategy will guide the Department’s defense of U.S. interests in cyberspace so that the United States and its allies and partners may continue to benefit from the innovations of the information age.

To read the full Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace Click HERE

-News Source (Defence Professionals)

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Brazilian ISP Under Massive DNS Poisoning Attack, Redirecting Users To Malicious Sites

Major Cyber Attack on Brazilian Internet Services Provider. The attackers are performing massive DNS poisoning attack to redirect their account holders into the malicious websites. 

According to Kaspersky's SecureList:-

"In the past few days several Brazilian ISPs have fallen victim to a series of DNS cache poisoning attacks. These attacks see users being redirected to install malware before connecting to popular sites. Some incidents have also featured attacks on network devices, where routers or modems are compromised remotely. Brazil has some big ISPs. Official statistics suggest the country has 73 million computers connected to the Internet, and the major ISPs average 3 or 4 million customers each. If a cybercriminal can change the DNS cache in just one server, the number of potential victims is huge.
Last week Brazil’s web forums were alive with desperate cries for help from users who faced malicious redirections when trying to access websites such as YouTube, Gmail and Hotmail, as well as local market leaders including Uol, Terra and Globo. In all cases, users were asked to run a malicious file as soon as the website opened..."'

For more information click Here

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Three Secrets & Full Analysis of Flame's Command & Control Servers Unraveled

Three Secrets & Full Analysis of Flame's Command & Control Servers Unraveled

Flame the next generation cyber weapon which is also known as 'The Super Spy' has already fascinated the cyber-security industry with its sophistication and versatility as a Swiss-Army knife of cyber-spying. Recently security firm Kaspersky lab has published a new report on the sophisticated nation-state sponsored Flame cyber-espionage campaign. During the research, conducted by Kaspersky Lab in partnership with International Telecommunication Union’s cybersecurity executing arm - IMPACT, CERT-Bund/BSI and Symantec, a number of Command and Control (C&C) servers used by Flame’s creators were analyzed in detail. The analysis revealed new, groundbreaking facts about Flame. Particularly, traces of three yet undiscovered malicious programs were found, and it was discovered that the development of the Flame platform dates back to 2006.

Main findings:

• The development of Flame’s Command and Control platform started as early as December 2006.
• The C&C servers were disguised to look like a common Content Management System, to hide the true nature of the project from hosting providers or random investigations.
• The servers were able to receive data from infected machines using four different protocols; only one of them servicing computers attacked with Flame.
• The existence of three additional protocols not used by Flame provides proof that at least three other Flame-related malicious programs were created; their nature is currently unknown.
• One of these Flame-related unknown malicious objects is currently operating in the wild.
• There were signs that the C&C platform was still under development; one communication scheme named “Red Protocol” is mentioned but not yet implemented.
• There is no sign that the Flame C&Cs were used to control other known malware such as Stuxnet or Gauss.

The Flame cyber-espionage campaign was originally discovered in May 2012 by Kaspersky Lab during an investigation initiated by the International Communication Union. Following this discovery, ITU-IMPACT acted swiftly to issue an alert to its 144 member nations accompanied with the appropriate remediation and cleaning procedures. The complexity of the code and confirmed links to developers of Stuxnet all point to the fact that Flame is yet another example of a sophisticated nation-state sponsored cyber operation. Originally it was estimated that Flame started operations in 2010, but the first analysis of its Command and Control infrastructure (covered by at least 80 known domains names) shifted this date two years earlier.

The findings in this particular investigation are based on the analysis of the content retrieved from several C&C servers used by Flame. This information was recovered despite the fact that Flame’s control infrastructure went offline immediately after Kaspersky Lab disclosed the existence of malware. All servers were running the 64-bit version of the Debian operating system, virtualized using OpenVZ containers. Most of the servers’ code was written in the PHP programming language. Flame’s creators used certain measures to make the C&C server look like an ordinary Content Management System, in order to avoid attention from the hosting provider.

Sophisticated encryption methods were utilized so that no one, but the attackers, could obtain the data uploaded from infected machines. The analysis of the scripts used to handle data transmissions to the victims revealed four communication protocols, and only one of them was compatible with Flame. It means that at least three other types of malware used these Command and Control servers. There is enough evidence to prove that at least one Flame-related malware is operating in the wild. These unknown malicious programs are yet to be discovered.

Another important result of the analysis is that the development of the Flame C&C platform started as early as December 2006. There are signs that the platform is still in the process of development, since a new, yet not implemented protocol called the “Red Protocol” was found on the servers. The latest modification of the servers’ code was made on May 18, 2012 by one of the programmers.

“It was problematic for us to estimate the amount of data stolen by Flame, even after the analysis of its Command and Control servers. Flame’s creators are good at covering their tracks. But one mistake of the attackers helped us to discover more data that one server was intended to keep. Based on this we can see that more than five gigabytes of data was uploaded to this particular server a week, from more than 5,000 infected machines. This is certainly an example of cyber espionage conducted on a massive scale,” commented Alexander Gostev, Chief Security Expert, Kaspersky Lab. 

Here we want to remind you that after the episode of 'Duqu'; In the middle of this year The Iranian Computer Emergency Response Team (MAHER) claims to have discovered a new targeted Stuxnet attacking the country's internal system. This newly found Stuxnet have been dubbed Flame (also known as Flamer or Skywiper). Later it was spotted in the wild when software giant Microsoft confirmed that its Windows Server Update Services (WSUS), Windows Update (WU) has been infected by Flame malware. Also in many fields, the name of 'Flame' was on the high node. 

For detailed analysis on Flame's command and control (C&C) servers click Here

-Source (Kaspersky)

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TeamSpeak Official Forum Hacked! Redirecting Users Into Malicious DotCache Exploit Kit

TeamSpeak Official Forum Hacked! Infecting Users By Malicious DotCache Exploit Kit

A serious security breach has compromised official forum of TeamSpeak, according to sources hackers have gained access inside the server and injected malicious script into the landing page of TeamSpeak official forum. Expert malware analyzer have figured out that the attack was thoroughly planned in order to infect millions of users while redirecting them to a DotCache exploit kit landing page as illustrated below 

TeamSpeak is a very famous Brazilian company who offers (VoIP) software that allows computer users to speak on a chat channel with fellow computer users, much like a telephone conference call. Users use the TeamSpeak client software to connect to a TeamSpeak server of their choice, from there they can join chat channels and enjoy the excellent VoIP service. Mostly it is used by millions of gamers across the globe. 

Basically we can consider TeamSpeak is a high value target, so did the hacker. Researchers said that the exploit kit landing page is hosted on atvisti.ro, a forum for ATV enthusiasts that's also been compromised. In a statement well known malware analyst & security researcher Jerome Segura said- if the Java exploit succeeds the final payload is loaded. In this particular example, the payload was the Zero Access Trojan which an Anti-Malware from Malwarebytes detects as Rootkit.0Access. The matter of a bit relief is that the malware has not yet been spotted in the wild. According to a statistic by Virus Total, only 7 of 46 leading antivirus can detect this type of malware. Exactly like TeamSpeak, a few days earlier Kahu Security researchers uncovered a similar compromise on the forum for the Nissan Pathfinder Off Road Association (NPORA) in both cases, JJEncode was used to obfuscate the malicious script. To avoid further infection, TeamSpeak forum has already been informed, an as expected they have over come this issue. For detail analysis of the above said malware you can visit official blog post of Malwarebytes. 

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